• How will this bias impact the IUCN Green Status of the species data?

A: If you are using species data and species assessment from the IUCN do be aware that for species that are not commonly regarded as charismatic if you do not have a Red List within your national expert group then the quality of the data feeding into that assessment may be very variable. For many species even if they have a fairly narrow range and are endemic of your country but you don’t have a national Red List then maybe a lot of assumption as guess-work going in. And because so many of the range points often fall out of their ranges, they may not be very accurate. So, try to get the best local data you can so you can validate how accurate those assessments are if you are going to use them but getting primary data is always best when you can because that way you can do the analysis and testing and you know the limits of that data.

• Question regarding Map Of Life tool - what does a habitat score of more than 100 mean, I've seen that pop up some times? Also I'd like to flag a species already. Trinidad piping guan in Colombia :)

A: Great question! The habitat score is calculated from a 2001 baseline. The habitat score is a combination of the area of that species habitat within its range and connectivity so if there is an improvement from that baseline of 2001 that would give a higher than 100 score. We are very aware of that species and thank you for flagging it so that I can emphasize how much we need to remove it.

• How can we solve the human wildlife conflict? Tips?

A: It is going to depend on the species you have conflict with – a solution for a snake is not going to be as conflict for a tiger or if an elephant just went through a refugee camp. Any solutions we have has to be species specific and then there’s a suite of different ways to mitigate it but the best way to reduce human wildlife conflict is by making sure that you have high quality habitat preserved that species can use because if there is high enough quality habitat then you’re going to get fewer animals wandering out trying to find food elsewhere because their habitat has been lost. Whilst that is just one small part of the puzzle, we can anticipate that once a species habitat becomes fractured and too small of course they are going to wander out. If they are going to wander out in areas where you’ve got more people, crops you’re going to have conflict.

• I have question. As Dr Muhammad Rais mentioned ArcGis and QGIS for spatial analysis, map creating etc. If we can also done these analysis with python such as spatial analysis etc and sp, sf function in R for spatial analysis. So why everyone recommend ArcGis. And 2nd question about map of life. Can we download data from that for spatial analysis or habitat modeling.