Human-wildlife conflict is a shockingly common problem, often with enormous consequences for both individual animals and entire populations.
When human-wildlife conflict comes to mind, you may immediately think of wildlife crime instead - which isn't wrong, since many regions with wildlife crime problems like poaching are also areas where people may frequently deal with human-wildlife conflict, causing the two issues to go hand-in-hand. But human-wildlife conflict is a much broader issue encompassing many ways that human presence and interference can cause problems for us and animals alike. Human-wildlife conflict includes:
- Elephants trampling a farmer's crops, resulting in retaliation
- New real estate developments infringing on ecosystems where predator species live, leading to predators having less territory and less food, which in turn leads to predators attacking domestic animals and livestock
- Freeways dividing the territory of animals like mountain lions, leading to wildlife venturing into neighborhoods or being killed by cars
- Lead bullets used in hunting causing scavengers like condors to die of lead poisoning
These are just a few examples of how humans can negatively impact wildlife, and it's clear to see how many of these scenarios could escalate. Human-wildlife conflict solutions don't just include ways in which we can prevent these issues (for example, through tracking predators, monitoring populations' territories, or building barriers and wildlife crossings monitored by sensors), but also the ways in which we can help people connect with wildlife and care about learning to live alongside them.
If you're interested in solutions that can prevent human-wildlife conflict, join this group and get to know the people who are working to protect and save species around the world!
Header image: Casey Allen on Unsplash
- @csugarte
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I am a chilean PhD student working on human-carnivore conflict and coexistence. Currently working with camera traps and automated behavioral response systems.
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- @Rawail
- | Rawail
NbS Expert/ Environmentalist
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- @NinaTuttie
- | She
An avid learner interested in wildlife ecology, conservation technology and community development
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20+ years traveler and management consultant turned tech founder and conservationist. Founder & CEO of ZAMBEZI ZERØ; super intelligence to safeguard biodiversity.
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- @Agripina
- | Miss
Frankfurt Zoological Society
As a wildlife conservationist, I am deeply committed to nature conservation, community empowerment, and wildlife research in Tanzania. I've actively engaged in community-based projects, passionately advocating for integrating local communities into conservation.
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Hen Mpoano
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African Parks
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BirdLife International
I deliver policy and advocacy components of cross-regional projects and initiatives concerning international site-based conservation, including through international mechanisms such as the Ramsar Convention, Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) and World Heritage Convention.
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- @Anandi7316
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World Wide Fund for Nature/ World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

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A Post-Doc position is available to join the team coordinating the Urban Exploration Project – a collaborative initiative in partnership between the University of St. Andrews and the National Geographic Society.
2 May 2025
This project aimed to reduce human-carnivore conflict by building a resilient boma for a vulnerable family in Hunyari village. It served as a model for other families, promoting stronger livestock protection. The...
17 April 2025
WWF's Arctic Community Wildlife Grants program supports conservation, stewardship, and research initiatives that focus on coastal Arctic ecology, community sustainability, and priority Arctic wildlife, including polar...
7 March 2025
The worst thing a new conservation technology can do is become another maintenance burden on already stretched field teams. This meant Instant Detect 2.0 had to work perfectly from day 1. In this update, Sam Seccombe...
28 January 2025
The Zoological Society of London's Instant Detect 2.0 is the world's first affordable satellite connected camera trap system designed by conservationists, for conservationists. In this update, Sam Seccombe describes the...
21 January 2025
Wildlife on roads creates a significant hazard in rural areas, to humans and animals alike. Low-tech prevention methods such as overpasses give great results, but they are expensive and can’t cover every scenario. Now...
12 November 2024
Very nice video!
7 October 2024
The Connected Conservation is thrilled to announce our award's third round in collaboration with the Airbus Foundation. This award champions the use of cutting-edge satellite imagery to tackle biodiversity loss and...
30 September 2024
The Human-Wildlife Initiative operates in three areas, viz. France's Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur ( PACA ) region, French-speaking Switzerland and Spain. Each has it's own call with it's own specifics.
11 September 2024
Wildlife Letters is announcing a call for papers on managing human-wildlife conflict in big cats
22 August 2024
Join us in celebrating this year’s Judging Panele Award winners!
19 August 2024
Join us in celebrating this year’s Community Choice Award winners!
15 August 2024
June 2025
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July 2025
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Description | Activity | Replies | Groups | Updated |
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Hello, this device looks really interesting...has anyone tryed? what brand is it? how much does it cost? what's the range of the speakers? what kind of sound does it makes? I... |
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Human-Wildlife Conflict | 7 years 8 months ago | |
Hi Mark and Teun, we have been investigating this technology also. It is already being used, but has two problems. First, their reach is often very limited (around 50m) and the... |
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Human-Wildlife Conflict | 7 years 8 months ago | |
Dear Somak, Thank you very much for writing and we are sorry information on the challenge did not reach you in time. We are certainly interested in furthering discussions... |
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Human-Wildlife Conflict | 7 years 8 months ago | |
Hi Gwen, That's a tough question Gwen! And for any destination in the Arctic counts: it is horribly expensive! I suggest you count on Iqaluit in Nunavut-Canada. Access is... |
+12
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Human-Wildlife Conflict | 7 years 8 months ago | |
Thank you, Gert. My proposed solution takes security into account heavily. Excited to share it with you and the panel as well. Claire |
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Human-Wildlife Conflict | 7 years 8 months ago | |
Additional information on human-polar bear conflicts can be found in this article |
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Human-Wildlife Conflict | 7 years 9 months ago | |
Friends and fellow researchers in the WILDLABS community I would like to hear your valuable opinions on the doctoral research project I am... |
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Human-Wildlife Conflict, Funding and Finance | 7 years 10 months ago | |
For those interested: in the acoustics channel I have posted news on our sound event recognition sensor, using conv-net: https://... |
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Human-Wildlife Conflict | 8 years ago | |
Hello all! There's going to be a workshop led by Human Wildlife Conflict Collaboration on the fundamentals of HWC. It will... |
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Human-Wildlife Conflict | 8 years ago | |
Peter, thanks for your reply and sorry for the dealyed repsonse, I have been ahving some issues getting alerts in my email. I would like to talk to you more about your... |
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Human-Wildlife Conflict | 8 years 1 month ago | |
Personally, I'd order a few of the $10 radios from eBay and see how they work. They are cheap enough that if they don't work out, you wouldn't be out much money.... |
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Human-Wildlife Conflict | 8 years 1 month ago | |
Hi Udayan, Many thanks for following up and it's great to hear that it's an area of interest for you as well. I'm certainly interested to hear more about the work... |
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Human-Wildlife Conflict | 8 years 4 months ago |
From the Field: Developing a new camera trap data management tool
7 July 2017 12:00am
Leverage Space Technology for Wildlife Protection with the European Space Agency Kick-start Grant
5 July 2017 12:00am
From the Field: Eric Becker and designing sensors for wildlife
22 May 2017 12:00am
acoustics for Human-Wildlife Conflict Prevention, Anti-poaching, and more
27 April 2017 6:44pm
Upcoming human-wildlife conflict workshop
25 April 2017 2:16pm
Education to combat wildlife crime
2 February 2017 4:54pm
13 February 2017 12:26pm
Hi Chris,
@StephODonnell thanks for the heads up on this question!
United for Wildlife have an free online course https://learn.unitedforwildlife.org/ which has an "Introducing Conservation" lesson which covers conservation basics.
Over this year we're (for transparency - I work on the project) releasing a new series of Insights on specific areas of conservation.
So far we've released "Species and Spaces" and "Worth More Alive" insights - the latter is focussed on the Illegal wildlife trade.
We're also releasing a series of films called "Natures Guardians" which focus on the Southern African Wildlife College and cover some of the aspects of ranger training. You can view these on our YouTube channel https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLH4rBFGCnvow7YQe3ycwWJ3mVR2MAwuIu or Facebook page
Thanks!
12 April 2017 5:30pm
Peter, thanks for your reply and sorry for the dealyed repsonse, I have been ahving some issues getting alerts in my email. I would like to talk to you more about your trafficking courses, especially who you have identified as your target audience and what the model was that these courses were designed aorund.
From the Field: Dr Raman Sukumar and Technology Developments Needed to Conserve Elephants
5 April 2017 12:00am
Foxlights predator deterrant
24 November 2015 6:53pm
22 March 2017 11:29pm
Sorry I have no idea about separate solar radios. However the "Jakkalsjaer" a South-African product, includes solar panels and a siren with the radio and costs about US$123.36 at current exchange rates.
http://www.farmersweekly.co.za/archive/wanted-non-lethal-predator-control/
You can contact André Theron directly: asco@mtnloaded.co.za
HTH
Chavoux
23 March 2017 12:24pm
Thanks for the reply. I will write to the contact because of the doubts.
24 March 2017 8:22pm
Personally, I'd order a few of the $10 radios from eBay and see how they work. They are cheap enough that if they don't work out, you wouldn't be out much money.
For $27, you could try one of these which is rated Waterproof Level IPX3; it can be used during rainy weather.
From my brief search, I think you are going to have a tough time finding something solar, waterproof, and inexpensive. But do let us know what you turn up!
How to stop the thieves when all we want to capture is wildlife in action
23 March 2017 12:00am
From the Field: María José Bolgeri and tech to alleviate Puma-Human conflict
22 March 2017 12:00am
#Tech4Wildlife Photo Challenge: Our favourites from 2016
1 March 2017 12:00am
Working with wolves: Sheepdog puppies join new flock
28 February 2017 12:00am
Infrastructure impacts
22 December 2016 4:12pm
6 January 2017 10:06am
Hi Nilanga,
This is a topic of my interest too. I have been doing some work on getting some mitigations implemented on some highways in central India. So what excatly do you mean by tools? Some gadget to detect physical presence on large mammals around highways and railway tracks ? Or some software tools to predict animals crossings along them.
Regards
Udayan
6 January 2017 1:36pm
Hi Udayan,
Many thanks for following up and it's great to hear that it's an area of interest for you as well. I'm certainly interested to hear more about the work you've been doing on mitigation actions implemented or being tested to prevent wildlife collisions on highways in central India. Are they early detection tools? By tools, I mean either technology to detect presence and provide warnings to drivers or railway operators, or even tools to predict based on movement patterns. I'm interested in learning about any such measure that is being developed. You may be aware that in the last month alone, around 11 elephants have died from train collisions in northeast India. If there are means being developed to detect presence and prevent such deaths, it would be wonderful to know more about them and how we could test and implement such measures. Look forward to hearing from you.
Best,
Nilanga
Wolf protection vests for dogs
14 December 2016 1:49pm
Conservation Leadership Programme 2017 Award
21 November 2016 12:00am
5 Smart Technologies That Will Crack Down On Wildlife Trafficking
14 November 2016 12:00am
WildLabs success! E-shepherd predator deterrent trials in USA
25 January 2016 8:04pm
11 February 2016 8:14pm
Thanks, @Suzanne.Stone ! It would be wonderful if the community could track your progress in this thread. Also looking forward to reading your Journal of Mammology paper.
- Rachel
26 April 2016 2:12pm
@Rachel , the last time I checked (2015), it was about R1200-00 per collar. In South Africa that can be approximated as the price of one sheep. To my mind, that only makes it viable and affordable if the predation (or theft?) levels are very high (more than 10% losses/year?).
I have to add two additional observations:
- Sheep breeds differ in the extend to which they flock together in a single herd (e.g. African indigenous breeds graze together in larger herds than the most popular breeds in South Africa (Merino or Dorper). In these breeds it might be possible to have less collars per sheep.
- My greatest fear is that it will work wel for a year or two. Jackals (and I assume coyotes as well) are extremely intelligent. And methods which worked at first (e.g. bell collars) soon became useless. With jackals we also have the issue that many of the jackals on farms are now starting to hunt in packs instead of the typical territorial pairs (with helpers). So a commonly solitary hunter (the pairs would often hunt separately) is now turning into a pack hunter. However, I do think that it might remain fairly effective against solitary cats. I would be interested in the results of the tests in America, but I think it should be for at least a 3 year period (I know funding etc. might be an issue).
3 November 2016 5:09pm
@Suzanne.Stone have you had any success with your trials in Idaho?
Camera Trap based Alarm Systems
22 March 2016 9:14am
12 April 2016 10:19am
This might be a silly question, but why do you need a camera trap for either purpose - unless you want a record of specific individuals?
If the aim is to provide an alarm to scare off elephants then a system that uses a simple motion sensor wired to an alarm would do the same thing at a much lower cost without the risk of damage or theft that all camera traps suffer from.
If the aim is to alert locals then the Indian Nature Conservation Foundations Elephant Early Warning System is worth exploring http://ncf-india.org/projects/in-the-elephant-hills
21 April 2016 9:01pm
Hi James,
Thanks for sharing information on NCF's early warning system. NCF's tool is great and works well for the context in Valparai where it's being used. We work closely with them as well. As you are aware, the context for each conflict situation is different. These are open plantation areas where elephants can be seen if present in any patch, while in other areas, it's harder to tell when they come out of forested protected areas and into adjacent habitation in order to warn people. And for a number of the landscapes where we work, that particular approach may not be as effective, we are trying to test other forms of early detection. Do let us know if you learn of any results from camera-trapping early warning systems as well using a tool that could potentially serve multiple purposes. Many thanks.
Nilanga
27 October 2016 11:01pm
Hi everyone!
I have just posted about my machine-vision based elephant-detection system which I am currently attempting to develop! https://www.wildlabs.net/community/thread/284
Internet Cats Just Got Bigger
26 October 2016 12:00am
New journal article shows deficiency of studies on effectiveness of predator controls
2 September 2016 1:46pm
How can we bridge the gap in mitigating human-wildlife conflict?
2 August 2016 1:23pm
27 August 2016 5:09am
Hi John, I have two good friends in Kenya who have some answers. I'll ask them to come here and tell you more...
Marie
Perspectives from the World Ranger Congress
10 August 2016 12:00am
Wildlife Tracking Equipment Grants from Holohil Transmitters
20 July 2016 12:00am
Article: Drawing Eyes on Cow Butts May Ward Off Hungry Lions
19 July 2016 7:25am
Camera traps reveal mysteries of nature
18 July 2016 12:00am
Can Drones Live up to the Hype?
8 July 2016 12:00am
Passive Acoustic Monitoring: Listening Out for New Conservation Opportunities
29 June 2016 12:00am
TEAM Network and Wildlife Insights
28 April 2016 12:00am
Migration monitoring app
25 April 2016 1:36pm
Deterring bears while backpacking
5 April 2016 3:15pm
19 April 2016 3:32pm
Ho John,
That's a great idea and thanks for sharing, but as you said, limitations on battery and speaker capacity abound. Might anyone else have any thoughts on how we could use apps to prevent HWC? There are apps that provide the ability to track wildlife through satellite collars for monitoring purposes. Is anyone aware of whether this type of app is being used also for HWC prevention using geo-fencing through collars or other means? Thanks.
Nilanga
9 February 2017 1:09pm
@StephODonnell Good to hear from you, and thanks for drawing my attention to this question!
Hi Chris,
As Steph is mentioning, as Ranger Campus Foundation we aim to strengthen law enforcement in protected areas, by focusing on ranger training. We are developing an e-learning platform (Ranger Academy) and acconpanying training modules specifically targeted to the needs of rangers. The content is based on the training guidelines that were written by the big players in the field and were just made public:
http://d2ouvy59p0dg6k.cloudfront.net/downloads/anti_poaching_training_guidelines___electronic_version.pdf
Main advantages of Ranger Academy are:
- Combine e-learning with physical training and shorten the time you spend on basic level training. This enables instructors to make better use of their time when on the ground.
- Rangers can access their personal e-learning environment when they have time for it - no internet is required for following lessons. So no need to take people off patrols.
- Rangers can communicate with other rangers around the world and lessons in all modules are given by rangers.
- Managers have more insight in ranger competence levels and certificates acquired.
This turned into quite a story so will leave it at that. Let me know if there is anything I could assist with.
Best wishes,
Dominique
P.S. Attaching a picture of the filming of the Care under Fire module last month, where Joseph is demonstrating the correct use of a tourniquet. Picture copyright of Cees Baardman.