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Sensors / Feed

Want to talk about sensors that don't quite fit into any of our tech-specific groups? This is the place to post! From temperature and humidity to airflow and pressure sensors, there are many environmental sensing tools that can add valuable data to core conservation monitoring technologies. With the increasing availability of low-cost, open-source options, we've seen growing interest in integrating these kinds of low bandwidth sensors into existing tools. What kinds of sensors are you working with?

discussion

Detecting animals' heading and body orientation

Good day,I have a specific remote surveillance application that is proving to be much more of a challenge than I thought.I need to detect where (GPS fix) African wild dogs (25 kg...

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Thank you Phil,

That sounds as if it might work (but probably with a turn trigger of around 45 degrees), and the baboon collar is well within the weight limit. Where can I find more details about the collar?

Peter

Hi Peter,  Just tell me exactly what you are looking for.  I have commissioned these collars from the engineer who originally made my Virtual Fence back in 2016 (still working).   The aim is to have a long life while also taking regular readings (5 - 10min)  so that animals cannot invade croplands or villages without being detected before they can be do any damage.   We have tried to include all possible features that will be useful, while still maintaining low weight and simplicity.  Hence no solar and external antennae outside the housing.  

Cheers, Phil

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discussion

Dual-/Multi-Use Technology Strategies

Hi Everyone, I am new to the WildLabs community and relatively new to conservation technology. I have been working in this space since 2018 (marine and coral focused with NOAA),...

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That is a great point and the current international trade climate has been making supply chain even more difficult. This also deeply affects US companies given much of the US goods manufacturing and assembly happening in China. Over the last few years, I have been seeing US hardware companies (e.g. drone platform and component OEMs) sourcing their goods from India, Turkey, Canada, and more recently in African and South American nations. Because of the last 3-to-5 years of increasingly restrictive and costly international hardware trade, there has been a emergence of specialized component manufacturers internationally. For European companies interested in providing hardware services to the US, I would suggest diversifying the supply chain beyond China. Given the current climate and trends, that added supply chain resilience may be a good idea, regardless of work with the US.

This is more than the supply chain though. The point was the company itself cannot use any tech for anything from the 5x companies. So in my case my ISP is incompatible. Essentially I see the only companies making that kind of sacrifice are ones that want to devote themselves to defence only.


Of course. That’s US defense as a customer. European defence is fully on the table.


It’s just sad that it’s not restricted to defence. US government wildlife organisations cannot buy European tech unless that European company was pure in their eyes.

True, the US ecosystem is a challenging space right now, for basically all sectors. 

We should not let the US chaos prevent us from engaging with opportunities in other nations' multi-use markets. A company's ability and journey to tap into other markets is very unique to them (product, team, finances, infrastructure, agility), and some simply cannot adapt. There is no one size fits all (or even most) solution when it comes to multi-use strategies. It is important that  we are systematic about evaluating the cost to adapt our product-service to a different market, and the value of new opportunities in that new market, without losing track of underlying conservation and social good needs.

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discussion

GPS collars for domestic dogs

Hi Everyone - I'm quantifying home ranges and contact rates between wildlife, pastoralists, and domestic animals (livestock guardian dogs and livestock) living on shared...

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What are your parameters? Do you need yes no movement, which could be collected with an accelerometer and no lat-long data?

Movement on an XY grid once an hour within a tightly bounded area?

High resolution once per second data? Large geographic area?

Different technologies deliver ddifferent datasets. Sometimes, significantly!

Hi Stephanie, at https://Savannahtracking.com we develop and manufacture a variety of collars with sizes ranging from about 95 grams for Raptors, 200grams - 1200g for mammals, and collars for large mammals such as Elephants. We currently have collars deployed on Dingoes which are about the same size as domestic dogs, and I believe that a similar solution will be perfect for your needs.
Our GPS collars can be programmed to collect high resolution data (15-minute gps positions) with hourly uploads via iridium satellite to our server where you can view and download the data from our dedicated windows or MAC SDM platforms. We also have a view only android/ios app. All our collars have two-way satellite communication, Internet based downloading via the free accompanying Savannah Tracking data manager software, automated Google Earth links for visualization, fully user definable geo fencing allowing for point, line and polygon fences and automated app and mail alarms in case of zone violation.

Kindly reach out to us and we can discuss a bespoke solution for your tracking needs at info@savannahtracking.com

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discussion

LiDAR for Wildlife Size Measurement

I was wondering if anyone here has had success with wildlife imaging, or size measurement with LiDAR?   We would like to use this on Kiwi, with a distance in the range...

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Thanks Kim, yes we're aware that PIR has many pitfalls, especially when it comes to small things far away, which is often the case for us.  But we can accept missing some detections for indexing purposes if we win in other areas like battery life, size or affordability.  We're currently able to detect small birds from a useful distance with Browning trail cameras. 

If I do dust off my soldering iron & actually make something it will be on a scale of 1, for dataset building proof of concept stage, not for large scale use.  It would likely include a variety of sensors so I can make meaningful comparisons & propose a sensible combination.  The detection part could be as simple as pixel subtraction from video footage I imagine.   

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discussion

GPS Tracker For Wildlife

Hello everyone! I'm Akio, and I'm new to this group.I'd love to start a discussion about GPS trackers for wildlife. As the developer of Loko—an open-source, offline GPS tracker—I’...

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Thank you for this valuable information!

Some of the features you mentioned can be quickly added to Loko, while others require more consideration. Loko’s communication is one-way—meaning the transmitter doesn’t know whether the receiver has received the data. This design choice is made to conserve battery life. However, all data is logged internally and can be accessed via USB.

I will add GeoTIFF loading to the Loko App. Currently, Loko is not suitable for wildlife tracking because it is not waterproof, but I am working on improving its mechanical design.

Loko already supports multiple connections, allowing many transmitters to connect to a single receiver or/and multiple receivers.

Regarding encryption: What do you mean by "Encryption should not be optional"?
Are you suggesting that communication should always be encrypted by default? on loko I made it user-configurable because encrypted data packets are 32 bytes, whereas unencrypted ones are 18 bytes. A smaller data packet improves reception sensitivity and extends the transmission range.

In your opinion, what would be a reasonable price for such a device? This is very important when adding new hardware features.

Cheers, 

Akio)

Hi Herhanu , appreciate for your valuable feedbacks.

  1. can you explain what type of release mechanisim do you mean ,   picture will be much helpfull .  do you mean with a remote release mechanisim activates and release the tracker from crocodile collar?
  2. how far data need to be sent ?    with a mesh network of Loko receivers wide range of area can be covered i guess.
  3. long distance transmission is very challanging  when transmitter is very close the ground , on crocodiles especially. 

for what purpose do would you use accelerometer data? is there any specific use case?

Cheers, )

Sure, Akio! Happy to answer!
1. Yes, something like that. The few existing i guess applied already for GPS collar (literally collar) that usually for big cats and some other big mammals. There is also GPS tag for Cetaceans that can pop up, but its only remained with the animals several days CMIIW (eg see links below)
link 1

link 2

link 3

2. I guess it depends on your research questions or project objectives. But for crocodile they can have vast home range from 100 ha to 10,000 ha (depends on species). For my species, it at least uses 500 ha of area, and the farthest between points can be 15km apart.

3. accelerometer, especially in crocodile can give insight about their movement ability. As they can random as they can be - or being a statue for hours (like when you look at crocs in the zoo). Of course this would depends on your objectives.

Hope this helps!

Cheers~ 

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discussion

Custom underwater case for spectrometer

Hello everyone, I would like to ask for some help on sourcing custom underwater housing for a spectrometer. I will be taking the spec to a maximum depth of 30m, but am struggling...

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Hi Connie. You could check out Blue Robotics (bluerobotics.com) - they seem to have some options for underwater housings and cable connectors. I haven’t personally tried any, but they might be worth a look. Good luck with your project!

If you don't mind sacrificing the fiber optic cable, you could pretty much take any submersible housing (rubber coat 3D print or alike) and utilize a potted penetrator. Using something like 3M™ Scotchcast™ Potting Kit 2136 or a simple marine grade epoxy from the hardware store should work. You could even put a polycarbonate window to see inside the housing. But this is all relative to how long you want to submerge the instrument for and how reliable you want the housing to work. 

For a cable like that, I would drill a hole into your underwater housing a little larger than your cable. Take a 2cm PVC pipe which is a bit larger than your hole and hotglue it onto the housing making a seal for you to fill with epoxy. Place another 1cm PVC pipe inside the housing on the other side of your hole inside the housing. Place the cable through and pour in the epoxy. You may have to force it into the PVC with some Q tips and make sure to get all the bubbles out. A simple trick is to put it under a vacuum if you are able or a less effective option is to place it on a shaker table for a few minutes. It can be a little messy. Note: the key for any penetrator is to not place strain on your cables. 

Otherwise, I would suggest looking at Sexton Underwater Housing Corporation if you're looking for something custom that fits your needs. We have a few fiber optic connections on our things from them. The underwater box from bluerobotics may be helpful, but you do run into your penetrator issue and you can't see into the box. Other note when housing expensive equipment: ALWAYS have a place to vacuum test your underwater housing. This will ensure you don't have any small leaks before deployment. I'd skip bluerobotics vacuum handpump (I'd look around for a less expensive option bc it will break and they're cheaper elsewhere). I spent probably a couple days finding out that there wasn't a leak in the housing but the hand pump itself. You can get the vent plug and vacuum plug from blue and then just get a small electric pump (Diaphragm Vacuum Pump, Compact Oil-free Vacuum Pump Pressure Pump) with a gauge to save your hands and time. 

 

Thanks so much for all the advice!! This seems very achievable. We don't mind having the fibre optic fixed in place as we planned to have a shorter one specifically for this project. Im currently waiting to hear back from Sexton but if not, we will try DIY something based on your suggestions

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discussion

The 100KB Challenge!

If you could send/receive 100KB of data from anywhere on the planet via satellite; what would you send?I work for a company called Ground Control, we design, build and manufacture...

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Dan

Nice one - what kind of thing would you use this for? 

~500mA peak current, it has a similar power profile as the current RockBLOCK product, in that it needs lots of juice for a for a small period of time (to undertake the transmission) we include onboard circuitry to help smooth this over. I'll be able to share more details on this once the product is officially launched!

 

Dan

~500mA peak current, it has a similar power profile as the current RockBLOCK product, in that it needs lots of juice for a for a small period of time (to undertake the transmission) we include onboard circuitry to help smooth this over. I'll be able to share more details on this once the product is officially launched!

 

Hi Dan, 

Not right now but I can envision many uses. A key problem in RS is data streams for validation and training of ML models, its really not yet a solved problem. Any kind of system that is about deploying and "forgetting" as it collects data and streams it is a good opportunity. 

 

If you want we can have a talk so you tell me about what you developed and I'll see if it fits future projects.

 

All the best

 

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discussion

Using LoRa for a sensor network: recommendations 

Dear WildLabs community,I'm currently designing a new type of sensor which I plan to use LoRa with. I've had discussions with other devleopers on whether using a LoRaWAN gateway...

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@pchwalek Thank you for the response! The project which I am currently developing is exactly as you mentioned in the LoRa use case: a parent unit in the centre of a conservation area which is to recieve one way packets from child sensor units spread around the perimeter of the protected area. The difference in LoRa vs LoRaWAN is much more clear to me now, and I'll try me path with LoRa based on the feedback :)). 

If you happen to have resources to recommend in terms of developing and using LoRa, I'd be glad to have your recommended references as a starting point. 

Best regards,
Kristián

@kristian.cuervo happy to help. Make sure to take note of @Eric24's comment about potential packet losses. Having LoRaWAN could make that problem a bit nicer, although I don't have enough experience with error detection via LoRaWAN, but you can also just retransmit packets manually via LoRa or if you have the power and bandwidth budget, just retransmit redundant packeted. 

As for resources, I would just Google it but starting with one of the LoRa boards from SparkFun/Adafruit or equivalent is recommended. 

@Eric24 The use case is as I wrote to Patrick: "a parent unit in the centre of a conservation area which is to recieve one way packets from child sensor units spread around the perimeter of the protected area.". The packets are simple pings on whether the sensor wants to send an alarm to the rangers in the conservation area and a percentage accuracy that e.g a poacher is detected on the perimeter. 

The delivery guarantee requirement is thus very high, but it is not necessary to send signals often if an event is not occuring (which should not be more frequent than once a day at max). Perhaps the delivery guarantee could be fixed by simply sending an alarm signal many times? Furthermore, it is not foreseen that the sensors need to be dynamically reconfigured. 

Thank you for the response and insight in your development process! I'm planning to use very similar modules as you described. 

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discussion

Low-power acoustics systems

Hello,I am a researcher specializing in acoustics, electronics, and artificial intelligence. Together with my team, we develop terrestrial and underwater acoustic systems with...

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Hello, we do not have a website yet. We are exploring where our technology can provide the most significant value compared to existing products. We would be very interested in discussing this with you.

Hi Julia,

Thank you for your reply. Your work on connected acoustic recorders sounds very interesting, and we’d love to learn more about your application and the enhancements to Bugg. We’ll contact you soon to arrange a discussion.

Looking forward to it!

Thank you,

Best regards,

Sebastian

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Link

acoupi: An Open-Source Python Framework for Deploying Bioacoustic AI Models on Edge Devices

New paper - "acoupi integrates audio recording, AI-based data processing, data management, and real-time wireless messaging into a unified and configurable framework. We demonstrate the flexibility of acoupi by integrating two bioacoustic classifiers...BirdNET and BatDetect2"

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discussion

Implanted biologgers with remote data access

Hi AllI'm helping to develop a project that wants to record body temperature and heart rate through implanted biologgers in large African herbivores. An existing project uses...

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Hi @Ebennitt, we do have a working solution that works with all our OpenCollar devices. We connect to sub skin implants and then send and store those readings using Bluetooth, LoRaWAN and/or Iridium satellite. We can have a quick online meeting if you like to show this. Works great!

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article

INSTANT DETECT 2.0 - ALPHA TESTING

The worst thing a new conservation technology can do is become another maintenance burden on already stretched field teams. This meant Instant Detect 2.0 had to work perfectly from day 1. In this update, Sam Seccombe...

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discussion

Thesis Collaboration

Hello everyone, I am an experienced Data Scientist and I am currently studying a second master in Environment Management (ULB - Belgium). I am currently looking for a master...

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Hi Simon,
Did you already contact INBO? Both biologging and citizen science are big themes at INBO. Last year we had a master thesis on camera trapping invasive muntjac. You can send me a private message for more info!

Hi Simon,

We're a biologging start-up based in Antwerp and are definitely open to collaborate if you're interested. We've got some programs going on with local zoo's. Feel free to send me a DM if you'd like to know more.

Hi Simon,
We (Reneco International Wildlife Consultants) have an ongoing collaboration with a local University (Abu Dhabi, UAE)  for developing AI tools (cameratrap/drone images and video analyses) and biomimetic robots applied to conservation (e.g  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1574954124004813 ). We also have a genetic team working on eDNA.    Field experience could be possible, in UAE or Morocco.
Feel free to write me back if you may be interested and would like to know more
 

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discussion

Video evidence for the evaluation of behavioral state predictions

Hi all, glad to share two of our contributions to the current e-obs newsletter in the context of the evaluation of behavioral state predictions and the mapping of...

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Currently, the main focus is visual footage as we don't render audio data in the same way as we do for acceleration (also: the highly different frequencies can be hard to show sensibly side by side).


But In this sense, yes, the new module features 'quick adjust knobs' for time shifts: you can roll-over a timestamp and use a combination of shift/control and mouse-wheel to adjust the offset of the video by 1/10/60 seconds or simply enter the target timestamp manually down to the millisecond level. This work can then and also be saved in a custom mapping file to continue synchronisation work later on.

 

No, not yet. The player we attached does support slower/faster replay up to a certain precision, but I'm not sure that this will be sufficiently precise for the kind of offsets we are talking about. Adding an option on the frontend to adjust this is quite easy, but understanding the impact of this on internal timestamp handling will add a level of complexity that we need to experiment with first. 

As you said, for a reliable estimate on this kind of drift we need at least 2 distinct synchronized markers with sufficient distance to each other, e.g. a precise start timestamp and some recognizable point event later on.

I perfectly agree that providing an easy-to-use solution does make perfect sense. We'll definitely see into this.

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discussion

Birdweather Puc use as a passive sensor

We were recently donated Birdweather Pucs for monitoring birds on the reserve. These devices have worked exceptionally well as active sensors when placed in locations with 2.4 GHz...

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Checking the Birdweather FAQ, I guess you need to be more detailed on the setup description. For example, if you use a powerbank to power the PUC that is NOT ALWAYS-ON, it may swich-off after some time. So details of your setup may matter.

Caveat, I do not have a PUC, but tried to understand you problem.

Thanks for the advice Wade!

It will be great to hear Tim's feedback, but thanks for your advice! I think Lithium batteries are the next step for us. I have successfully gotten it working with a power bank attached, but that really impedes its portability. Will also fiddle around with the GPS per your recommendations...

 

Hello Walter

Thanks for your input. I have achieved better results with the puc when hooking it up to a powerbank. Have got them set up to "recording only", and GPS to low power mode. Looking to now try eliminating the need for a power bank as that impairs the portability of the puc.

 

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discussion

Detecting Thrips and Larger Insects Together

Hello everyone,I’m reaching out to discuss a challenge we’re tackling here in Brazil related to pest monitoring in agriculture. Thrips (Frankliniella spp., Thrips spp...

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Hi Kim, the yellow sticky paper I have today is around 10cm by 30cm. I took a picture with a really good cellphone of the whole paper and the resolution was not good enough (3072 × 4080 in Ultra HDR). This gave me 10pixels / mm, but I could not get a precise enough model with yolo at this resolution for the Thrips... I will play around with the cellphone for a bit more and see if 2 or 4 pictures are enough. We even made a support for the cellphone to have always the same distance (but if I could avoid this for practical reasons in the future would be fine too). With the digital microscope we used we got over 50 pixels per mm and so got a quiet good model in identifying them (but time consuming), sometime dust also shows up and with the phone camera you can't differentiate Thrips and dust ;)))) Lets see if I can edit my post to include some cellphone images into it.

Yeah, I would expect that you might need to have higher resolution if the critters are very small. Still might be just a lens choice. But not up on this amount of lens difference, so don't know how hard it would be.

So, updated the text a bit with images cropped at 100% zoom :) we are already happy with the time reductions we got, but... would like to get at least 90% time reduction instead of 70% :))) we know that with a very expensive and high power camera we could probably do it, so one approach we are thinking of is just taking a closer macro picture with a cellphone of let's say 1/3 or 1/4 of the sticky paper and use this data instead of everything...  or take 2-3 pictures (but we don't want to waste time in sticking the images together).

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